What is Computer

What is Computer 

A computer is a machine that performs work according to certain instructions. An electronic device that is designed to work with information. This word is derived from the computer Latin word 'computer. It means Calculation or Programmable Machine.

It mainly has three functions. The first is to take the data which we also call Input, the second task is to process that data and then the task is to show that processed data which is also called Output.

Who invented the computer? Charles Babbage is said to be the father of the modern computer. Because he was the first to design the mechanical computer, which is also known as the Analytical Engine. In this, data was inserted with the help of a punch card. the computer is an electronic device used to store and process information.

In the beginning, the use of computers was limited, but as it improved, so did the expansion of computers. And today the computer has become an important part of our life. With the help of computers, we can do various tasks. Computers are used for many tasks. Like making various documents, calculating, entertainment, etc.

Computer Generation

First Generation

The period of the first generation was 1940-1956

In the first generation of computers, vacuum tubes were used to control and broadcast the electronic single, in which a full computer was built, but first the concept of computer was realized by them. They were bigger and more hot in size of You Tybe and they were prone to breakage and more damage and the ability to calculate it was also very low and first-generation computers used to occupy more space.

Batch Processing Operating System was mainly used in this generation. In this generation punched cards, paper tape, magnetic tape input, and output devices were used.

Machine code and electricity were used wired board languages.

The main features of the first generation are as follows:

• vacuum tube technology vacuum
• machine language machine
• very expensive
• huge size
• ac required
• power consumption lot

Some computers of this generation were:

• ENIAC
• EDVAC
• UNIVAC
• IBM -701
• IBM -650

Second Generation

The period of the second generation was 1956–1963.

transistors were invented in the second generation. During this time, transistors were being used together in computers, which were more efficient and cheaper than valves. Which began to be used in place of vacuum tubes for computer manufacturing. The size of transistors is much smaller than that of vacuum tubes. Due to which computers are smaller and their ability to calculate more and faster. Compared to the first generation, they were smaller in size and generated less heat, and were able to calculate more efficiency and Tez speed.

Like Fortron in this generation, the high-level programing language COBOL was used.

The main features of the second generation are as follows:

• l Use of transistors 
• l Smaller size than the
• first-generation computer l Less heat generated than the first generation computer
• l Less power consumption than the
• first-generation computer
• l Faster than the first generation computer l Very expensive
• l Assembly language

Some computers of this generation were:

• IBM 1620 (1620)
• IBM 7094 (7094)
• CDC 1604(1604)
• CDC 3600(3600)
• Univac 1108(1108)

Third Generation

The period of 3rd generation was 1964-1971

Computers of this period could be used simultaneously. This synchronized chip became an important basis for the 3rd generation of development, techniques were being tried to reduce the size of the computer further, as a result of which integrated circuits were manufactured on the silicon chip, they were used in the computer. As a result of which it was possible to produce the smallest size of computer ever. Their speed ranged from microsecond to nanosecond which was made possible by the small-scale integrated crit.

Higher-level languages ​​(Fortran II for IV, Cobol, Pascal PL/1, BASIC, ALGOL-68, etc.) were used during this generation.

The main features of the third generation are as follows:

• l IC used(ic)
• l more reliable
• l smaller size
• l less heat generated
• l faster
• l less maintenance
• l still costly
• l AC needed
• l power consumption low
• l high-level language support

Some computers of this generation were:

• IBM-360 Series
• Honeywell-6000 Series
• PDP (Personal Data Processor)
• IBM-370/168
• TDC-316

Advantages and Disadvantages of using computer

Benefit

The following list of Information Areas shows the advantages of computers in today's field.

High Speed

• The computer is a fast device.
• It is capable of performing the addition of huge data.
• Computers have units of a spin microsecond, nanosecond, and even picosecond.
• In comparison to a man who can spend many months to do the same job, it can perform millions of calculations in few seconds.

Accuracy

• Apart from being very Speed, computers are very accurate.
• Computer calculations have been performed Free 100% error.
• Computer performance all jobs with 100% accuracy.

Storage Capacity

•  Memory is a very important feature of the computer.
• Computers have much more storage capacity than humans.
• It can store a large amount of data.
• It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, audio, and any other type.

Hard Work

• Unlike humans, a computer is free from monotony, fatigue, and lack of concentration.
• It can work continuously without causing any error and boredom.
• It can do repeated work with the same SPEED and accuracy.

Versatility

• 1 computer is a very versatile machine.
• A computer is very flexible in performing do jobs.
• This machine can be used to solve various problems related to different areas.
• In one moment, it is a complex scientific problem and the next moment it may be solved by playing a card game.

Reliability

• A computer is a reliable machine.
• Modern electronic components have long life failure-free.
• Computers are designed to make maintenance easy.

Automation

• a computer is an automatic machine.
• Automation means the ability to perform tasks automatically.
• Once a program is given to the computer ie stored in the computer's memory, the program and instruction values ​​can control the execution of the program without Human & interaction.

Paperwork Reduction

• The use of computers for data processing in an organization leads to a decrease in the paperwork and speed of this process.
• Electronic files can be received as data in files and when needed, the problem of maintaining large number of files is reduced.

Cost Reduction

• The initial investment for setting up a computer is high, but it substantially reduces the cost of each of its transactions.

Loss

The following list of Information shows the disadvantages of computers in today's field.

No Intelligence

• A computer is a machine and has some intelligence of its own to perform any task.
• Each and every instruction is given to the computer.
• A computer cannot take any decision on its own.

Dependency

• It is totally dependent on the human being as per the instruction of the user.So it can perform this function.

Atmosphere

• The operating environment of the computer should be dust-free and suitable for it.
• no affection for anyone
• A computer is not feeling or feeling.
• Unlike a human being, one cannot judge on the basis of feeling, taste, experience, and knowledge.
• The following list shows the various applications of computers in today's field.

Conclusion